Peptic ulcers are most commonly caused by which bacteria? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Helicobacter pylori — Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria that can survive in the acidic stomach environment. It damages the mucus lining of the stomach, leading to Peptic Ulcers. This was a Nobel Prize-winning discovery (2005). H. pylori ulcers are treated with antibiotics + proton pump inhibitors.

HCl in the stomach is secreted by which cells? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Parietal (Oxyntic) Cells — Parietal (Oxyntic) Cells secrete HCl. Chief Cells secrete Pepsinogen. Goblet Cells secrete mucus. HCl creates the acidic environment needed to activate pepsin.

Which sphincter controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Pyloric Sphincter — The Pyloric Sphincter is located at the junction of the stomach and duodenum. It regulates the flow of chyme into the small intestine. The Cardiac Sphincter (Lower Oesophageal Sphincter) prevents backflow of food from the stomach into the oesophagus.

The movement of food through the alimentary canal by wave-like contractions is called? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Peristalsis — Peristalsis is the rhythmic, wave-like muscular contraction that moves food along the entire digestive tract. It is involuntary and occurs throughout - from the oesophagus to the rectum.

Which of the following is the correct function of Goblet cells? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Secrete mucus — Goblet cells are found throughout the digestive tract and secrete mucus that lubricates the passage of food and protects the gut lining. In the stomach, mucus protects against HCl. In the intestines, it aids smooth movement of food material.

Which cells of the pancreas secrete insulin? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Beta cells — The Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas contain: Beta (B) cells - secrete Insulin (lowers blood sugar), Alpha (A) cells - secrete Glucagon (raises blood sugar), Delta (D) cells - secrete Somatostatin. Insulin deficiency or resistance causes Diabetes Mellitus.

Jaundice occurs due to malfunction of which organ? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Liver — Jaundice is characterized by yellowing of skin and eyes due to accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. The liver normally processes and excretes bilirubin via bile. Liver damage (hepatitis, cirrhosis) or bile duct blockage leads to jaundice.

Which of the following enzymes converts maltose into glucose? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Maltase — Maltase is a brush border enzyme found in the small intestine that converts maltose into 2 molecules of Glucose. Sucrase converts sucrose into glucose + fructose. Lactase converts lactose into glucose + galactose. These are called disaccharidases.

Which hormone triggers the release of bile from the gall bladder? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Cholecystokinin (CCK) — Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted by the cells of the duodenum when fatty food enters. It stimulates the gall bladder to contract and release bile, and the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes. Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich juice.

Deficiency of which enzyme causes lactose intolerance? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Lactase — Lactose Intolerance is caused by deficiency of the enzyme Lactase, which normally breaks down lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose. Without lactase, undigested lactose is fermented by gut bacteria, causing bloating, gas, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain after consuming dairy products.

Which is the longest part of the alimentary canal? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Small Intestine — The small intestine is approximately 6-7 metres long, making it the longest part of the alimentary canal. It consists of the Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum. The large intestine is wider but only about 1.5 metres long.

The liver receives blood from which two sources? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Hepatic Artery and Hepatic Portal Vein — The liver has a dual blood supply: Hepatic Artery brings oxygenated blood from the heart, and Hepatic Portal Vein brings nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs. This is why the liver is the first organ to process absorbed nutrients - called the First Pass Effect.

C. Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein

Which of the following is the correct order of the human digestive system? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Mouth > Oesophagus > Stomach > Small Intestine > Large Intestine — The correct order of the alimentary canal is: Mouth > Pharynx > Oesophagus > Stomach > Small Intestine (Duodenum > Jejunum > Ileum) > Large Intestine (Caecum > Colon > Rectum) > Anus.

A. Mouth > Oesophagus > Small Intestine > Stomach > Large Intestine

B. Mouth > Stomach > Oesophagus > Small Intestine > Large Intestine

D. Mouth > Oesophagus > Stomach > Large Intestine > Small Intestine

What is the pH of gastric juice? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. 1-2 — Gastric juice has a highly acidic pH of 1-2 due to the presence of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). This acidic environment activates pepsinogen into pepsin and kills most ingested bacteria, acting as a defense mechanism.

What is the total length of the human alimentary canal approximately? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. 9 metres — The human alimentary canal (digestive tract) is approximately 9 metres long from mouth to anus. This includes the oesophagus (~25 cm), stomach, small intestine (~6-7 m), and large intestine (~1.5 m). The small intestine alone makes up the majority of this length.

Which of the following organs stores glycogen? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Liver — The liver stores excess glucose as glycogen (Glycogenesis). When blood sugar falls, the liver breaks glycogen back into glucose (Glycogenolysis) and releases it. This is regulated by Insulin (promotes storage) and Glucagon (promotes release).

Which part of the digestive system absorbs most nutrients? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Small Intestine — The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption due to Villi and Microvilli that vastly increase its surface area. Glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are absorbed here into the bloodstream.

Which enzyme in pancreatic juice digests fats? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Lipase — Pancreatic Lipase digests fats (triglycerides) into fatty acids and glycerol. It works in the small intestine after bile has emulsified the fats. Trypsin digests proteins, amylase digests starch, and pepsin works only in the stomach.

Where is water mainly absorbed in the digestive system? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Large Intestine — While some water is absorbed in the small intestine, the majority of water reabsorption occurs in the Large Intestine (Colon). This is why diarrhoea (too little reabsorption) leads to dehydration and constipation (too much reabsorption) leads to hard stools.

Which digestive enzyme is secreted by the small intestine wall? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Enterokinase — Enterokinase (Enteropeptidase) is secreted by the cells of the duodenum wall. Its key function is to activate Trypsinogen into Trypsin. This is a cascade activation - Trypsin then activates other pancreatic enzymes like chymotrypsinogen and proelastase.

Which part of the large intestine is a small, finger-like projection with no known function in humans? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

D. Appendix — The Appendix (Vermiform Appendix) is a small, finger-like pouch attached to the caecum. It has no known digestive function in humans and is considered a vestigial organ. Inflammation of the appendix causes Appendicitis.

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of iron? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Duodenum — Iron is primarily absorbed in the Duodenum and upper Jejunum. Vitamin C enhances iron absorption by keeping iron in the ferrous (Fe2+) form, which is more easily absorbed. This is why doctors recommend taking iron supplements with vitamin C. Deficiency leads to Iron Deficiency Anaemia.

Which part of the large intestine is connected to the small intestine? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Caecum — The Caecum is the first part of the large intestine, connected to the ileum (last part of small intestine) via the ileocaecal valve. The appendix hangs from the caecum. The order of the large intestine is: Caecum > Ascending Colon > Transverse Colon > Descending Colon > Sigmoid Colon > Rectum > Anus.

Which of the following is a proteolytic enzyme (protein-digesting)? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Trypsin — Proteolytic enzymes digest proteins. Trypsin (from pancreas) digests proteins into peptides in the small intestine. Salivary amylase digests starch, lipase digests fats, and maltase digests maltose into glucose.

What is the semi-digested, acidic food mass that enters the small intestine from the stomach called? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Chyme — Bolus = food mass formed in the mouth. Chyme = semi-liquid, acidic mixture formed in the stomach after gastric digestion. Chyle = lymph fluid rich in fats absorbed from the small intestine. Chyme passes from stomach to duodenum through the pyloric sphincter.

The finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption are called? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Villi — Villi are finger-like projections on the inner wall of the small intestine. Each villus contains a lacteal (lymph capillary for fat absorption) and blood capillaries (for glucose and amino acid absorption). Villi are further covered with Microvilli forming the brush border.

Where does digestion of food begin in the human body? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Mouth — Digestion begins in the mouth (buccal cavity). Salivary glands secrete saliva containing Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin) that breaks starch into maltose. Teeth perform mechanical breakdown. Both mechanical and chemical digestion start here.

Which gland produces the maximum amount of digestive enzymes? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Pancreas — The Pancreas produces the most comprehensive set of digestive enzymes - Pancreatic Amylase (carbs), Pancreatic Lipase (fats), Trypsin and Chymotrypsin (proteins), Nucleases (nucleic acids). It is often called the principal digestive gland.

Which part of the digestive system does NOT perform digestion? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Oesophagus — The Oesophagus is a muscular tube that simply transports food from the mouth to the stomach via peristalsis. It has no digestive glands and secretes no digestive enzymes. Its only secretion is mucus to lubricate the food passage.

Which digestive juice contains NO enzyme? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Bile — Bile has no digestive enzyme. It only helps in emulsification of fats - breaking fat into smaller droplets so lipase can act on them. It also neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach.

Which enzyme is present in saliva? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Salivary Amylase — Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin) is the enzyme found in saliva. It acts on starch and converts it into maltose. It works best in a slightly alkaline/neutral pH. Once food reaches the acidic stomach, salivary amylase becomes inactive.

Trypsin is secreted by which organ? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Pancreas — Trypsin is secreted by the pancreas as inactive Trypsinogen, which is activated by Enterokinase (secreted by the intestinal wall). Trypsin digests proteins into smaller peptides in the small intestine. It works best in an alkaline pH.

Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of proteins in the stomach? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Pepsin — Pepsin digests proteins into peptides in the stomach. It is secreted as inactive Pepsinogen and activated by HCl. Trypsin also digests proteins but works in the small intestine. Lipase acts on fats, amylase on carbohydrates.

The process of breaking large fat globules into smaller droplets is called? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Emulsification — Emulsification is the process by which bile salts break large fat globules into smaller fat droplets, increasing the surface area for lipase to act upon. This is NOT chemical digestion - the chemical structure of fats does not change, only the size of droplets decreases.

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for its absorption in the intestine? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Vitamin B12 — Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) requires a special protein called Intrinsic Factor, secreted by the Parietal cells of the stomach, for absorption in the ileum. Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to Pernicious Anaemia.

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Gastrin — Gastrin is a hormone secreted by the G cells of the stomach lining when food enters the stomach. It stimulates gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice (HCl and pepsinogen). Secretin stimulates pancreatic juice, and Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates bile release.

Absorption of digested fats occurs through which structures? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Lacteals — Digested fats (fatty acids and glycerol) are reassembled into triglycerides and packaged into Chylomicrons, which are absorbed into Lacteals (lymph capillaries inside villi). They enter the lymphatic system and eventually reach the bloodstream.

Which of the following is a function of HCl in the stomach? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Activating pepsinogen to pepsin — HCl in the stomach: activates Pepsinogen into Pepsin, creates acidic environment (pH 1-2) for pepsin to work, kills harmful bacteria in food, and denatures proteins making them easier to digest. It does NOT digest fats (that is lipase) or neutralize acids.

Which macronutrient is primarily digested in the mouth? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

C. Carbohydrates — Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth via Salivary Amylase, which breaks starch into maltose. Protein digestion starts in the stomach (pepsin), and fat digestion mainly occurs in the small intestine (lipase). Vitamins don't require enzymatic digestion.

What is the condition called when the appendix becomes inflamed? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Appendicitis — Appendicitis is the inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It causes severe pain in the lower right abdomen. If untreated, the appendix can rupture, leading to Peritonitis (infection of the abdominal cavity). Treatment is surgical removal called Appendectomy.

The inner lining of the stomach is protected from HCl by? — Electrical Engineering MCQ

B. Mucus — Mucus secreted by the Goblet cells of the stomach lining forms a protective layer that prevents self-digestion of the stomach wall by HCl and pepsin. When this mucus layer is damaged, it leads to Peptic Ulcers.

Digestive System MCQ [ Free PDF Download ] for RRB & SSC and other Competitive exams

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The hepatic portal vein carries blood from which organ to the liver?

✓ Answer: C Intestines

The Hepatic Portal Vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the intestines, stomach, spleen, and pancreas to the liver. This allows the liver to process absorbed nutrients (glucose, amino acids) before they enter general circulation. This is the basis of the First Pass Metabolism concept.

Chymotrypsin is secreted by which organ?

✓ Answer: C Pancreas

Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas as inactive Chymotrypsinogen, activated by Trypsin in the small intestine. It digests proteins by cleaving peptide bonds, specifically after aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).

Which of the following is the primary site of fat digestion?

✓ Answer: C Small Intestine

Fat digestion primarily occurs in the small intestine (duodenum and jejunum). Bile emulsifies fat and Pancreatic Lipase breaks triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. Although a small amount of lingual lipase and gastric lipase act in the mouth and stomach, the small intestine is the major site.

Kupffer cells are found in which organ?

✓ Answer: C Liver

Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages (immune cells) found in the liver lining the sinusoids (liver capillaries). They phagocytose (engulf and destroy) bacteria, debris, old red blood cells, and foreign particles from the blood coming through the hepatic portal vein. They are part of the body's immune defense.

Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme found in pancreatic juice?

✓ Answer: D Rennin

Rennin is found in gastric juice of infants, NOT in pancreatic juice. Pancreatic juice contains: Pancreatic amylase (digests starch), Pancreatic lipase (digests fats), Trypsin and Chymotrypsin (digest proteins), Nucleases (digest nucleic acids), and Bicarbonate (neutralizes acid).

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

✓ Answer: B Production of red blood cells in adults

In adults, red blood cells (RBCs) are produced in the Red Bone Marrow, NOT the liver. However, in the fetus, the liver is a site of RBC production. The liver synthesizes urea (from amino acid metabolism), plasma proteins (albumin, fibrinogen), and detoxifies harmful substances.

Which of the following is absorbed directly into the blood capillaries of the villi?

✓ Answer: C Glucose

Glucose and Amino acids are absorbed into blood capillaries of villi and transported to liver via hepatic portal vein. Fatty acids and Glycerol are reassembled into triglycerides and enter lacteals (lymph capillaries).

Which of the following is the end product of fat digestion?

✓ Answer: C Fatty acids and Glycerol

Fat digestion end products: Fats (Triglycerides) > Fatty Acids + Glycerol (by lipase). Carbohydrates > Glucose, Fructose, Galactose. Proteins > Amino Acids. These three are the final absorbable units of the three macronutrients.

Which part of the alimentary canal has the most acidic environment?

✓ Answer: C Stomach

The stomach has the most acidic environment with pH 1-2 due to HCl secretion by parietal cells. This is necessary for protein digestion and killing pathogens. The mouth is near neutral (pH 6.5-7.5), the small intestine is slightly alkaline (pH 7-8), and the large intestine is mildly acidic (pH ~5-7).

Which of the following describes the function of the rectum?

✓ Answer: C Temporarily stores faeces before defecation

The Rectum is the final section of the large intestine that temporarily stores faeces until defecation. When faeces fill the rectum, stretch receptors trigger the defecation reflex. Faeces are expelled through the anus, controlled by the internal and external anal sphincters.

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